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1. He was busy, so he couldn’t help ______ the housework.

  A. doing            B. to do         C. done         D. did

2. Japan is an island country and its ______ go all over the country.

  A. fishing boats         B. lifeboats            C. planes              D. trains

3. Japan is an island country and its _____ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch.

  A. fishing boats         B. lifeboats            C. planes              D. trains

4. Japan is an island country and its ______ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.

  A. fishing boats     nbsp;   B. lifeboats            C. planes              D. trains

5. Japan is an island country and its _______ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people.

  A. fishing boats         B. lifeboats            C. planes              D. trains

6. Japan is an island country and its ______ go all over Japan, sending people to and from work.

  A. fishing boats         B. lifeboats            C. planes              D. trains

7. “Do you have any clothes ______?” the maid asked.

  A. washed         B. wash         C. to wash            D. washing

8. Do you have the maid ______ your clothes?

  A. washed        B. wash         C. to wash            D. washing

9. “Have you had your clothes _______?” the husband asked his wife.

  A. washed         B. wash         C. to wash            D. washing

10. Which of the following is NOT right?

  A. When are you leaving Beijing?            B. When will you leave Beijing            

C. When are you to leave Beijing?           D. When have you left Beijing?

11. The Iraqi former president Saddam was caught alive, _______ little to improve the current situation in Iraq.

  A. I think can help            B. I think which help            C. which I think helps          D. which I think it helps

12. You’d better, I think, ______ him a hand when necessary?

  A. give              B. to give              C. gave          D. giving

13. He believes in himself, _______, in my opinion, is the most important.

  A. that              B. which               C. what         D. as

14. The manager decided to give the job to ______ he believed had a strong sense of duty.

  A. whoever              B. whomever               C. who          D. those

15. Mike, as far as I know, ______ like to play music.

  A. seems           B. appears             C. feels          D. does

16. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.

  A. as well          B. as well as          C. so well             D. so well as

17. He hasn’t come yet. What do you consider _______ to him?

  A. happens               B. has happened           C. happening         D. to happen

18. Don’t worry. You _____ get the electric drill you want this Friday, ____, according to the record, Mr Clark is to come to return it.

  A. will; after             B. may; after         C. must; when             D. shall; when

19. Don’t you know that your school is , as a matter of fact, _______ used to be a church?

  A. where           B. what         C. which              D. one

20. Knowing ______, as a matter of fact, one shouldn’t know is a terrible thing.

  A. whether               B. that           C. what         D. when

21. –How long do you suppose it is _______ he arrived here? –No more than half a week.

  A. when            B. before              C. after          D. since

22. E-mail, as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication.

  A. is playing             B. have played              C. are playing               D. play

23. That passenger was very impolite to the conductor, ______, of course, made things even worse.

  A. who             B. whom              C. what         D. which

24. The manager has decided to put ______ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good sense of duty in the position of the leadership of the company.

  A. those who            B. anyone             C. whomever               D. whoever

25. We should do more such exercises in the future, I think, ______ those we did yesterday.

  A. as          B. like            C. about               D. than

26. He will tell you _____ he expects will such a match.

  A. why             B. whom              C. which              D. who

27. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

  A. when taking         B. when taken              C. when to take            D. when to be taken

28. Shirley said that she would have a two-week holiday in July, ______, I think, is impossible.

  A. it           B. that           C. when               D. which

29. His discovery, believer it or not, _______ a stir in scientific circles.

  A. was created          B. has created              C. to create           D. creating

30. I’m wondering ______ he expects will win the gold medal in Men’s Single.

  A. whom           B. which               C. who          D. what

31. Mr Tang has three daughters, ________, luckily for him, works as a doctor.

  A. none of whom             B. one of whom           C. either of them          D. all of whom

32. The first part, it seems, ______ better written than the other parts.

  A. being            B. to be         C. is              D. /

33. We agree to accept _______ they thought was the best tourist guide.

  A. whomever            B. whatever          C. whoever           D. no matter who

34. Would you mind waiting here, sir, _____ the manager can see you?

  A. when            B. since         C. until          D. while

35. How many of us ______, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?

  A. attended               B. had attended             C. attending          D. have attended

36. It was like something burned and that was ______ it thought was a fire.

  A. that              B. where               C. which              D. what

37. After 5 hours’ drive they reached ______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.

  A. that              B. where               C. which              D. what

38. Sometimes we are asked ______ the likely result of an action will be.

  A. that we think               B. what we think          C. what do you think           D. that what we think

39. Professor Li, who I ______ abroad, still teaches in Peking University.

  A. think went            B. think have gone               C. thought went           D. thought had gone

40. ______ he told us is the news _______ China has got 32 gold medals in this important game, ______, of course, made us feel very excited.

  A. What; which; which            B. That; that; which             C. What; that; which            D. That; that; what

41. Many countries, for example, Mexico and Japan, ______ a lot of earthquakes.

  A. have             B. having              C. to have             D. having had

42. What do you suppose ______ him think so?

  A. to make               B. making             C. to have made           D. made

43. Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _____ to blame.

  A. is          B. that is               C. are            D. who are

44. I advised the person badly ______ to hospital.

  A. wounded be sent          B. wounding was sent          C. wounded sent          D. was wounded be sent

45. He often stands against the fence and talks endlessly with my father ______ gardening problems.

  A. to          B. in              C. about               D. off

46. He suggested the problem worth paying attention _______ at the meeting.

  A. to be discussed            B. to being discussed           C. to discuss         D. to discussing

47. In _____ old society many young women died by so strange and cruel _______ custom.

  A. /; a                      B. /; the         C. the; a        &nbs;      D. an; a

48. A news report is usually short, except when it is about something very important, _____ it contains a lot of information.

  A. and               B. but            C. then          D. so

49. Little Carpenter _____ a handsome, smart and honest guy liked by the teachers and almost all his classmates except green-eyed Johnson.

  A. who is          B. is              C. being         D. this

50. I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you ______ boxing.

  A. like               B. to like               C. liking         D. to have liked

51. The woman there ______ a piano in her room.

  A. have             B. has            C. is              D. are

52. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.

  A. being robbed               B. having been robbed          C. to have been robbed         D. robbed

53. I wonder what it feels like to be one of ______ really rich. The Browns already have two Royce and now they are buying ______ third.

  A. the; a            B. the; the             C. /; a            D. /; the

54. “Premier Wen’s report,” a smile on his face, he continued, “______ to several hot topics, discusses how to increase peasants’ income, in a comparative part.”

  A. referring              B. refers               C. having referred         D. referred

55. ---Can you attend tomorrow’s meeting? ---I am sorry, but I will have too much work ______.

  A. to see to to come         B. seeing to come         C. to see to coming              D. doing to come

56. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.

  A. look              B. looking             C. looked              D. looks

57. _____ with better communication ability is more likely to succeed in his career.

  A. Whoever              B. Anyone             C. Whomever               D. No mater who

58. They stayed up until midnight ______ the old year out and the new year in.

  A. and saw               B. to see  &nbs;            C. seeing              D. for seeing

59. If the project ______ by the end of this year is delayed, the construction company will be fined.

  A. to be completed           B. is completed             C. being completed              D. completed

60. ---Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______ to go to university. ---So do I.

  A. hope             B. hopes               C. hoping              D. hoped

61. Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, ______ up in no time.

  A. to stand               B. standing            C. stood               D. would stood

62. Some scientists believe the American Indians reached America by crossing the bridge that connected Siberia (西伯利亚) and ______ more than 10,000 years ago.

  A. what is now Alaska             B. is now Alaska           C. where is Alaska now               D. is Alaska now

63. It was what he said rather than what he did _____ made me angry.

  A. which           B. that           C. what         D. where

64. Do you know any of her friends, with fair and blue eyes, she has made there ______ her a lot in her daily life?

  A. help              B. helped              C. to help              D. helping

65. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since the opening policy.

  A. changed               B. has changed             C. changing          D. having changed

66. ______ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?

  A. When was it that          B. When               C. Has           D. Had

67. The time he has devoted in the past ten years ______ the disable is now considered _____ of great value.

  A. to help; being               B. to helping; to be               C. to help; to be            D. helping; being

68. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again.

  A. it           B. it repaired         C. repaired            D. to be repaired

69. Everything he ______ away from him before he returned to his hometown.

  A. took             B. had been taken         C. had had been taken          D. had taken

70. In my opinion, all Mr White ______ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.

  A. does does does            B. does do do               C. does does do            D. did do does

71. The theory he had stuck _____ to be true.

  A. proved          B. to proving         C. to prove           D. to proved

72. I didn’t know the girl you ______ the cows.

  A. had fed         B. had her feed             C. had feed           D. had to feed

73. That’s the very way he suggests _____ the maths problem.

  A. solve            B. solves               C. to solve            D. solving

74. The boy you lent the pen to _____ it.

  A. break            B. breaking           C. broke               D. to break

75. It is dangerous to let children who are ______ go swimming in the river.

  A. too young to         B. so young          C. not old enough to            D. so old

76. When he came back to life, the young man found himself _____ in a small house and everything he _______.

  A. lay; had been stolen             B. lay; was stolen         C. lying; had stolen              D. lying; had been stolen

77. This is the famous scientist I ______ you last time.

  A. referred to            B. referred to to            C. spoke of           D. dealt with

78. Mother was so angry at all ______ I was doing _____ she walked out.

  A. that; that              B. what; that         C. what; as           D. that; which

79. The managers discussed the plan would like to see ____ the next year.

  A. carry out              B. carrying out             C. carried out               D. to carry out

80. The TV set Mr Smith had ____ went wrong again.

  A. fix         B. been fixed         C. fixing               D. had fixed

81. It is said _____ ______ was all ______ he said.

  A. that; that; that              B. what; what; what            C. that; which; what            D. that; that; which

82. The chance he looked forward to ______ at last.

  A. come            B. came         C. coming             D. being come

83. Jack, as well as his friends who _____ football games _____ traveled with the team.

  A. likes; has              B. likes; have         C. like; has            D. like; have

84. It is few people, ____ have come to ask for the position, _____ fit for the job.

  A. who; I think are           B. that; I think is           C. what; who I think is               D. who; that I think are

85. It is in the city _____ you’re going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of beer is produced.

  A. /; that           B. where; that              C. /; where           D. that; which

86. He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, ______ a writer, writing plays.

  A. but               B. and           C. then          D. so

87. The girl devoted all her spare time had _____ others.

  A. to help          B. helped              C. to helping         D. help

88. We have done things we ought not to have done and _______ undone things we ought to have done.

  A. left               B. leave         C. will leave          D. leaving

89. During the examinations we are supposed to stay in our seats, keep our eyes on our work, _______ to anyone.

  A. instead of speaking              B. rather than speak             C. and not speak           D. but would not talk

90. He turned off the head lamp of the car to keep the light from flashing in through the window of Jack’s house and _______ Jack up.

  A. woke            B. waking             C. wake         D. to wake

91. The Whites came here to buy some clothes and _______ on an old friend of theirs.

  A. call               B. for calling         C. calling              D. calls

92. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.

  A. correct         B. correcting         C. corrects           D. to correct

93. She set out soon after dark ______ home an hour later.

  A. arriving         B. to arrive            C. having arrived          D. and arrived

94. The purpose of telling you the news is only to let you know the truth of the matter, _____ you angry.

  A. not making           B. to not make              C. not to make             D. do not make

95. It is better to go shopping in the supermarket than ______ home for chat.

  A. staying          B. to stay              C. stay          D. stayed

96. Drawing pictures is the child’s favorite hobby, and ______.

  A. he is interested in playing the violin            B. to playing the violin is his hobby            

C. he is good at playing the violin                D. playing the violin is also his great pleasure

97. I prefer ______ my weekend in the library to ______ the Internet.

  A. to spend; surf              B. to spend; to surf              C. spending; surfing             D. spending; surf

98. The doctor asked the patient not only ______ but also ______ oily food.

  A. to smoke; to eat           B. smoking; eating        C. not to smoke; not to eat          D. not smoking; not eating

99. She opened the envelope, _______ the letter and began to read it.

  A. unfolded              B. folding              C. unfolding          D. folded

100. My aunt went to the market, bought some tomatoes and eggs, ______ home for lunch.

  A. and returned         B. returning           C. returned           D. to return

    In early March, Bai Ye, a renowned literary critic, closed his blog on Sina.com.cn after days of blog-to-blog argument with a lionized young writer.

    "I don't know how to react to unseemly and irrational words from the writer and his idolaters," Bai wrote in his last entry on March 5.

    The spat was kindled by one of his logs that lambasted the "post-1980 generation" of young writers and their works. Han Han, one of those writers, responded with a diatribe.

    Han fired back in his blog that Bai had "no ingenuity or talent" and was "a pedantic diehard." Touting his own stories as "rare literature in China," the writer in his 20s used vulgarities in his log, which sparked another round of "blog quarrel" between the two.

    Then came the end of Bai's blog.

    Within a month, a similar incident happened between Han and Gao Xiaosong, a famous music producer. The two "spat" at each other for several days, starting with "Han's humiliating log against my friend Lu Chuan the director known for his film 'Mountain Patrol (Ke Ke Xi Li)'," said Gao, who later blogged that he would sue Han for illegally borrowing his lyrics in a book.

    About five days later, after more heated exchanges, Gao also closed his blog.

    "It was not because of him (Han Han) or the bickering that I shut my blog," Gao told China Daily in a phone interview.

    He said it was mainly because he could not get accustomed to the blogosphere, which he called "dirty and foolish."

    "It seems that anyone can utter any curse in the guise of anonymity on the Internet," Gao said. "It is especially unfair for us, since our blogs are real-name but most of our blog viewers leave unfriendly comments without a name."

    Calling the Internet an "uncivilized place," the music producer said he hated to "re-evolve online as a civilized man."

    Like Gao and Bai, a number of celebrities, including crosstalk star Guo Degang, closed their blogs in the past two months, either in response to harsh comments from netizens or as a result of increasing intentional misconceptions.

    Ordinary quitters

    But the story is a bit different with ordinary bloggers. While the total number in China is approaching 15.2 million this year, and one prediction for next year is 28.6 million, according to the Sanlian Life Week, one of the most famous magazines based in Beijing, a slew of bloggers are also quitting.

    "It is a waste of time," said Shu Ruyue, an ex-blogger on MSN Space whose blog lasted nine months till March this year.

    "It is not that you spend how much time on writing, but how much time you would while away with others. If you find nothing new in your interest or there is no update at all, you feel disappointed."

    Jin Jianbin, associate professor at the School of Journalism and Communication of Tsinghua University, says most bloggers devote too much time to updating their blogs and thus become "blog-addicted."

    "They spend a lot of time opening their own blogs to view comments and the click-through rate," Jin said. "And to win more comments and clicks in return, they squander more time collecting stories and attractive information to embellish their blogs."

    Jin says there has always been a waste of resources on the Internet. A recent survey conducted by the Internet Society of China indicates that each article online is reprinted four times on average, which means that the Internet is creating more trash information and that blogging is escalating it.

    "The study shows that blogging expands the spread of online activities, which directly leads to a longer hook onto the Internet," Jin said.

    The inevitable result is more isolation from people in personal settings and from outdoor activities.

    Another reason Shu shut her blog, she said, was the difficulty to strike a balance between writing whatever she wants and writing something "that won't be too offensive to those who have access to my space," she said.

    Those who are still blogging understand her headache.

    Some bloggers expose the privacy of their friends in the logs, resulting in friendship ruptures; some bloggers cast offensive words onto others wilfully; and some find their logs are plagiarized by blog service providers for other use.

    Last November, an associate professor at Nanjing University, found himself under attack in a blog on Blogcn (www.blogcn.com), the largest blogosphere in China. He asked the website to edit the log but was refused. The enraged professor then sued the website. The case has not yet been resolved.

    A court case, which is scheduled on Thursday, will address for the first time in China the issue of blog copyright. Qin Tao, a Shanghai-based blogger, sued Sohu, one of China's portal websites, for its unauthorized reprint of her logs. Her action was soon echoed by three other bloggers, claiming copyright infringement.

    Jin attributed the problems to the peculiar nature of blogs and the lack of a related law.

    "Different from a BBS (bulletin board system), which is organized around topics, blogs are something egocentric," said Jin, who has been researching blogs almost since they started. "Therefore, any negative message from a blog will be more likely considered a flagrant provocation mixed with strong personal dislikes."

 &nsp;  So, when someone finds bad words in a blog, he or she will be more inclined to take it seriously, Jin said.

    Also, challenging the bottom line of free expression, blogs in China are growing so fast that the laws cannot keep up.

    "There is a convention of self-discipline about online activities, but the details are being revised along with the emergence of new problems," Jin said.

    "Lawmakers must set down some important definitions, including the responsibilities of bloggers and blog service providers."

    Jin concluded that an online insult is as unforgivable as one in real life, and "no one should be allowed to cross the line."

    (Source: China Daily)

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reform and opening up and in the modernization drive
改革开放和社会主义现代化建设
put into practice the guiding principles of the Sixteenth National Congress of
the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of the CPC and the
guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents
以邓小平理论和”三个代表” 重要思想为指导，贯彻落实党的十六大精神
Per capita GDP
人均国内生产总值
financial strength grew noticeably
财力明显增强
total government revenue total import and export volume
全国财政收入 进出口总额
urban per capita disposable income rural per capita net income
城镇居民人均可支配收入 农民人均纯收入
grew in real terms first manned spaceflight
实际增长 首次载人航天飞行
overall national strength communicable disease
综合国力 传染性疾病
mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak
在全国范围内实行群防群控
primary-level organizations prevention and treatment work
基层组织 预防救治工作
a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy
积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策
rectify and standardize the order of the land market
整顿和规范土地市场秩序
stop disorderly and unauthorized acquisition of farmland
制止乱征滥占耕地
deposit-reserve ratio an appropriate amount of fine-tuning
存款准备金率 适度微调
agriculture, rural areas and farmers
"三农"
major grain producing areas strategic restructuring of the economy
粮食主产区 经济结构战略性调整
the second phase of the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the
Yangtze River 三峡水利枢纽二期工程
transmitting natural gas from the west to the east 西气东输
transmission of electricity from the west to the east 西电东送
south-to-north water diversion project 南水北调工程
large-scale development of the western region 西部大开发
social undertakings 社会事业 treasury bonds 国债
national public health system 全国公共卫生体系
public health infrastructure 公共卫生设施
pilot projects 试点项目 modern distance education 现代远程教育
medical care system and medical assistance system
医疗制度和医疗合作制度
strategically important hi-tech research
战略高技术研究
industrial application of new and high technologies
高新技术产业化
a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological
development 国家中长期学和技术发展规划
land and resources administration 国土资源管理
social security work 社会保障工作 vital interests 切身利益
employment and reemployment 就业再就业
college expansion plan 高校扩招计划
regular institutions of higher learning 普通高校
"two guarantees" (guaranteeing that the living allowances for workers laid off
from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time
and in full)
"两个确保"（确保国有企业下岗职工的基本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）
"three-stage guarantee" for laid-off workers
"三条保障线"（国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险、城市居民最低生活保障制度三条保障线）
ex-servicemen 退役军人 disabled revolutionary servicemen革命伤残军人
post-disaster reconstruction 灾后重建 institutional innovation体制创新
the problem of wage arrears for migrant rural workers
拖欠农民工工资问题
a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector
银行业监管体系
administrative examination and approval system 行政审批制度
Fresh progress was made in transforming state-owned enterprises into stock
companies. 国有企业股份制改革继续推进。
civil aviation 民航 state assets 国有资产 economic returns 经济效益
the system for examining and verifying the issuance of securities
证券发行审核制度 rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社
the experimental reform of rural taxes and administrative charges
农村税费改革试点
the non- public sectors of the economy 非公有制经济
counterfeit and substandard goods 假冒伪劣商品
protect the legitimate rights and interests of both consumers and producers
维护消费者和生产者合法权益
export tax rebates 出口退税 anti-dumping investigations 反倾销调查
state foreign exchange reserves 国家外汇储备
administrative regulations 行政法规 supporting measures 配套措施
handling of indigent migrants收容遣送工作haphazard investment盲目投资
socialist political civilization 社会主义政治文明
illegal appropriation of farmland违法占用土地
low-income residents in both town and country 城乡低收入居民
a subjective, formalistic and bureaucratic style of work
主观主义、形式主义和官僚主义作风
中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC)
三个代表 three represents theory (the Party must always represent the requirements
of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the
development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the
overwhelming majority of the people in China.)
高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻"三个代表"重要思想
hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important
thoughts of "Three Represents"
坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating
the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with
time.
两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing
the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption,
guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.
全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程
forge ahead with the new great project of Party building
三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气
three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and
good conduct)
有中国特色的社会主义民主政治
socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics

Housing Project for low-income families 安居工程
the"shopping basket"project(program) 菜篮子工程
Smooth Traffic Project畅通工程
Torch Program火炬工程
Spring Buds Program春蕾计划
relocated families搬迁户
building redundant project重复建设
stagnant debts and bad debts呆帐与坏帐
anti-dumping反倾销
macro-control宏观调控
anti-poverty funds解困基金
cast(shake,throw)off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity脱贫致富
the system of public services国家公务员制度
competitive election差额选举
general election system普选制
extensive management粗放式管理
streamline governmet departments at all levels精简各级政府机构
the factory director(manager)responsibility system厂长经理负责制
the joint stock cooperative system股份合同制
the joint stock system股份制
account number 帐目编号
depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存单
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书
endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a cheque 兑付
to dishonor a cheque 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
cheque,check 支票
cheque book 支票本
order cheque 记名支票
bearer cheque 不记名支票
crossed cheque 横线支票
blank cheque 空白支票
rubber cheque 空头支票
cheque stub, counterfoil 票根
cash cheque 现金支票
traveler's cheque 旅行支票
cheque for transfer 转帐支票
outstanding cheque 未付支票
canceled cheque 已付支票
forged cheque 伪支票
Bandar's note 庄票，银票
banker 银行家
president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行
Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行
Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行
commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行
member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行
discount bank 贴现银行
exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行
negotiation bank 议付银行
confirming bank 保兑银行
paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行
consigned banker of collection 委托银行
clearing bank 清算银行
local bank 本地银行
domestic bank 国内银行
overseas bank 国外银行
unincorporated bank 钱庄
branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行
trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司
unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部
credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所
credit union 合作银行
credit bureau 商业兴信所
self-service bank 无人银行
land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行
bank of communications 交通银行
mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行
industrial bank 实业银行
home loan bank 家宅贷款银行
reserve bank 准备银行
chartered bank 特许银行
corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行
investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行
joint venture bank 合资银行

Give the floor to 请…发言
It is a great pleasure for me to我很荣幸…
Relevant issues 相关问题
Updated research result 最新的调查结果
Attach the importance to 对…给予重视
Lead-edge technologies领先技术
Minister Counselor公使
Natural heritage自然遗产
Shared concern 共同关心的问题
Well-deserved reputation良好的信誉
对…表示衷心的感谢express sincere gratitude to
请…讲话 Let‘ s welcome to give a speech
双边会议bilateral conference
以掌声对…表示的最热烈的欢propose the warmest applause to
主办单位sponsor
颁奖仪式the Award Ceremony
贺词greeting speech
隆重举行observe the grand opening of
请…颁奖 Let’s invite to present the award
取得圆满成功achieve complete success
全球庆典global celebration ceremony
宣布…结束 declare the closing of
请全体起立，奏国歌 Please rise for the national anthem.
Collective stewardship集体管理
Competitive job market充满竞争的就业市场
Financial institutions金融机构
Forward-looking进取
Gross National Product国民生产总值
Meet the challenges 迎接挑战
Public authorities公共机构
Regulatory mechanism 法规机制
The threshold of our transition into the new millenmum跨越新千年的门槛
UNCHS (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)联合国人居中心
Urban residents 城市居民
Well-serviced formal city服务齐全的高尚城市
把…列为重要内容place as the priority
不放松工作never neglect the work
节约用水 water conservation
对…表示衷心祝贺extend our sincere congratulations on
节约用水先进城市model city of water conservation
使…取得预期效果attain the results expected
授予…光荣称号 confer honorable awards on
为…而奋斗strive for
严重缺水城市a city of severe water shortage
有关单位units concerned
与…比有差距compared with ,there is still some way to go
预祝…圆满成功wish a complete success
开源与节流并重broaden sources of income &reduce expenditure
对外贸易港口seaport for foreign trade
国内生产总值National Gross Products
欢聚一堂merrily gather
活跃的经济带vigorous economic region
基础雄厚solid foundation
留下最美好的印象may you have a most pleasant impression
盛世the grand occasion
祝愿在停留愉快wish a pleasant stay
综合性商港comprehensive commercial seaport
春意盎然spring is very much in the air
forest coverage森林覆盖率
global warming全球变暖
principal element主要因素
toxic emission废气排放
迸发出心灵的火花ignite the sparks of understanding
建立合作桥梁build the bridge for cooperation
内容翔实substantial in content
能源大省major province of energy
日程紧凑tight in schedule
call upon 号召
conservation benefits节水的好处
industrial reuse and recycling工业中水利用
pollution fines 污染罚款
urban water conservation城市节水
water saving fixtures节水装置
地区经济regional economic
港口经营多元化diversification in port operation
责任和义务perform our duties and fulfill our obligations
地区行业盛会a well-known regional event of the industry
发起港initiating ports
break free 冲破藩篱
civil society民间团体
ethnic lines种族
genuine partnership真正的合作伙伴
squatter settlements 违章建筑区
without access to 享受不到
畅所欲言open dialogues
计划经济的束缚the bounding of planning economy
紧迫问题pressing issues
科教兴省和走可持续发展的道路vitalize the province by science and technology and
sustainable development
空前膨胀unprecedentedly inflated
控制增长势头curb the trend of steep rise
面临严峻挑战face severe challenges
清醒地看到acutely aware
生态恶化ecological deterioration
提高意识strengthen the awareness
相互尊重，求同存异，平等互利，优势互补，借鉴经验，拓展合作，立足当前，着眼未来respect each other, seek the common
ground while putting aside difference, enjoy equality and mutual benefits,
complement each other’s advantages, learn each other’s experience, expand
the cooperation, stand from the present and look forward to the future
以此会议为契机take the opportunity of this seminar
滞后lag behind
转轨建制过程缓慢the tr4ansition of mechanism is slow
总结经验教训draw lessons from the past
community development oriented 以发展社区为宗旨的
deserved winners当之无愧的获奖者
ethnic minorities少数民族
gainful employment有报酬的
gender issues性别问题
handicraft works 手工艺品
income generation 工薪阶层
in-depth knowledge深入了解
the handicapped残疾人
不求最大，但求最好seek the best instead of the largest
产业结构industrial structure
城乡一体化the unified design between the city and the countryside
短期行为short-term conduct
房地产开发real estate development
扶贫帮困help and support the poor
公共绿地public lawn
公用事业public utilities
会展中心convention center
基建规模infrastructure scale
精品意识consciousness for the best
精品住宅区model human settlements
企业效益enterprise revenue
文明乘车civil bus ride
希望工程Hope Project
以人为本human centered
主办城市the host city
综合治理comprehensively administer
economic recession 经济萧条
press conference 记者招待会
rough diamond 钻坯
sophisticated machine 先进机器
staggering growth 强劲的增长
trade union 业界
umbrella name统称
濒临停产边缘be close to production collapse
反省reflect on
回报期period of investment return
痛定思痛recall a painful experience
卧薪尝胆endure present hardships to revive
兴旺期blossom period
develop and flourish 茁壮成长
expanding export earner不断扩展的出口创汇者
impose stringent rules定下严格规则
市场波动market fluctuation
协会章程association charter
总经营额total business revenue
end-user用人单位
entry-level学徒期
from square one从头开始
high-caliber高水平的
instill or reinforce灌输或强化
job specification工作性质
localization programs本土化项目
performance appraisal表现评估
不断调整和日趋完善的阶段the stage of constant adjustment and improvement
产学研一体化的办学机制the educational mechanism of combining learning with research
and production
成人学历教育，高等教育自学考试 continuing education and self-study examination of higher
education
初露端倪reveal its importance for the first time
翻译导游tourist interpreter
复合型，应用型管理人才versatile and practical management talents
结构性调整structural adjustment
民俗风情customs and habits
相伴而生be accompanied by
学术领域academic sector
应势而生come into existence as the situation requires
在职培训part-time training
专业方向professional emphasis
资格考试qualification test
TOPICAL
The Economic Commission for Europe欧洲经济委员会
A world-wide reputation誉满全球
Conference center会议中心
The world Health Organization 世界卫生组织
International civil servants 国际事务公务员
International press center国际新闻中心
Works of art 艺术品
International trading center国际贸易中心
Rich cultural blend 丰富多彩的文化交融
Holiday resort 旅游胜地
Natural reserves 自然保护区
Feudal dynasty封建王朝
中国革命历史博物馆the Museum of the Chinese Revolution
一座历史丰碑a historical monument
快节奏的社会 fast-tempo society
专题展览exhibitions on special subject
实地考察on-the-spot investigaion
经历了数千年的风吹雨打being beaten by elements for thousands of years
古典艺术精品classical art treasures
世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage
紫禁城the Forbidden City
文物宝库a treasure house of cultural relics
私人收藏家personal collector
securities exchanges 证券交易所
stock exchanges股票交易所
systematic market process有组织的买卖过程
major corporation大公司
New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所
Tax harmonization协调税收
Hot topic热门话题
European Union欧盟
Driving force推动力
Contemplate on the harmonization统一的期望
国际货币组织International Monetary Fund
国内需求domestic demand
经济全球化economic globalization
双边渠道bilateral channels
亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
金融危机financial crisis
广泛关注arouse wide concern
国际社会international community
公正合理的国际经济新秩序a new and reasonable international economic order
从大局出发proceed from the whole situation
财政政策finacial policy
共同繁荣common prosperity
贸易投资自由化trade and investment liberalization
日新月异progress with each passing day
知识经济knowledge economy
faulty members 教职工
subscribes to 订阅
journals and periodicals 杂志期刊
recreations and athletic facilities娱乐体育设施
arts department文科系
applied science应用科学
recipients of Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖金获得者
intellectual and personal qualities文化和个人素质
living expenses生活费
sense of community团队意识
成人教育学院continuing education school
仿真实验室simulation laboratory
教育部Ministry of Education
土木工程civil engineering
全国重点大学national key university
信息技术information technology
函授生correspondence student
外国留学生international student
教育展览会Education Exhibition
组委会organizing committee
主要内容main component
热点话题much-talked-about topic
共同关心的信息mutually concerned information
fresh water resource洁水资源
over the last couple of decades 在过去的二十年里
land available for farming适耕地
fresh water available可用清洁水
emerging economies 新兴经济
global warming 全球变暖
ecological crisis生态危机
path to prosperity通向繁荣之路
seize the opportunity抓住机遇
remarkable environmental progress引人注目的环境
垃圾处理garbage disposal
生活必需品the bare necessities of life
消费品consumer goods
消费习惯consuming habit
捕鱼量the volume of fishing
造纸业paper-making industry
木材储量timber reserves
森林覆盖面积forest-covering area
inward investment 对内投资
entrepreneurship创业精神
pay tribute to 表示敬意
subsidies and grants津贴和拨款
problem of terrorism恐怖主义问题
gave their lives to the highest calling将生命献给了最崇高的事业
target of terrorism恐怖主义的目标
intensified our effort 加强力量
bring to justice使归案受审
国际条约international treaties
世界知识产权组织World Intellectual Property Organization
私营部门the private sector
知识产权intellectual property
总干事Director Geneor
在进入新的千年之际at the threshold of the new millennium
成员国member countries
纲领性文件programmatic document
基本人权fundamental human rights
殖民枷锁colonialist shackles
任重道远the burden is heavy and the road is long
internet phone industry网络电话业
vast potential for future development广阔的发展前景
telephone sound quality电话音质
instantaneous transmission即时传输
GPS（Global Positioning System）全球卫星定位系统
Relay station中继站
Intelligent traffic management systems智能交通管理系统
分子生物学Molecular biology
能源综合利用comprehensive utilization of energy
认识科学cognitive science
生产力productive force
推动力量driving force
相对论the theory of relativity
行为科学behavior science
知识科学knowledge economy
新兴产业rising economy
层出不穷emerge one after another
科教兴国战略the strategy of economic development through science-technology and
education
可持续发展sustainable development
试点工程pilot program
严峻挑战serious challenges
运行机制operational mechanism
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
综合国力the overall national strength
磁悬浮铁路magnetic suspended railway
root causes根本原因
juvenile crime bill青少年犯罪
idle talk闲聊
easy access to 轻易接近
zero tolerance绝不容忍
balanced budget 预算平衡
step up to its responsibilities 担负起责任
law enforcement professionals执法者
debit card提款卡
magnetic stripe磁条
parking meter停车计费表
personal identification number 密码
pull double duty具备双重功能
electronic versions电子交易
chip-enhanced versions加强性芯片
be hot for the idea热衷于这个主意
遥控器remote controller
无孔不入all pervasive
增强性能strengthen the property
减少故障to reduce the breakdown
原动力motive power
高架铁路aerial train
汽车废气的排放discharge of automobile exhaust fumes
毗邻而居be adjacent to
state-of-the art 最新型的，最优良的
three-dimensional三维的，立体的
ground-breaking 开拓性的，独创的
organizing committee组委会
innovative approach创新方法
marketing partner市场合作伙伴
a giant leap into the future走向未来的一次飞跃
cash for votes用钱拉选票
bribery scandal贿赂丑闻
草地网球lawn tennis
发球区service court
处于执牛耳的地位occupy a leading position
体育道德精神sportsmanship
以全体运动员的名义in the name of all the athletes
借助不正当的手段resort to unjust means

保护主义 protectionism
闭关自守 closed door policy/self-seclusion
畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project
粗放式管理 extensive management
集约经济 intensive economy
盗用公款 embezzlement
地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their
finances
地区差异 regional disparity
短线产品 products in short supply
关税总水平 general tariff level
规模经济 economy of scale
混合经济 mixed economy
集中精力把经济搞上去 go all out for economic development
讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating
拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
停薪留职 retain the job but suspend the salary
贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor
萧条 stagnation
实现零的突破 achieve the zero breakthrough
统筹安排 comprehensive arrangement
主体经济 the main stay of the economy
追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development
与市场接轨 integrate with the world market

证券 securities ：
保证金 margin; collateral
成分指数 component index
承销商 underwriter
发行人 issuer
封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund
开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund
基金托管银行 fund custodian bank
散户 private investor
股本 equity
国库券 treasury bond
红利 dividend
货币市场 monetary market
机构投资者 institutional investor
可流通股份 negotiable share
可转换债券 convertible bond
控股股东 controlling share holder
蓝筹股 blue chips
流通性 liquidity
内幕交易 insider dealing
配股 allotment of shares
企业债券 corporate bond
清算 clearing
券尚 broker
申购 subscribe
市值 market capitalization
收购兼并 merger and acquisition
信息披露 information disclosure
中介机构 intermediary
综合指数 composite index

中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
中央委员 Member, Central Committee
候补委员 Alternate Member
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China
全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress
秘书长 Secretary-General
主任委员 Chairman
委员 Member
（地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress
人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress
国务院总理 Premier, State Council
国务委员 State Councilor
秘书长 Secretary-General
（国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
（国务院各部）部长 Minister
部长助理 Assistant Minister
司长 Director
局长 Director
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People's Government
地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture
香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor
区长 Chief Executive, District Government
县长 Chief Executive, County Gvernment
乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government
秘书长 Secretary-General
办公厅主任 Director, General Office
（部委办）主任 Director
处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief
科长/股长 Section Chief
科员 Clerk/Officer
发言人 Spokesman
顾问 Adviser
参事 Counselor
巡视员 Inspector/Monitor
特派员 Commissioner
人民法院院长 President, People's Courts
人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People's Tribunals
审判长 Chief Judge
审判员 Judge
书记 Clerk of the Court
法医 Legal Medical Expert
法警 Judicial Policeman
人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People's procuratorates
监狱长 Warden
律师 Lawyer
公证员 Notary Public
总警监 Commissioner General
警监 Commissioner
警督 Supervisor
警司 Superintendent

2010年远景目标 the long-range objectives through the Year 2010
把握正确舆论导向 maintain a correct orientation for public opinion
拨乱反正 set things right
不屈不挠 unyieldingly
长治久安 the lasting political stability
承前启后，继往开来 inherit past traditions and break new grounds for the future
大胆实践 be bold in practice
大起大落 drastic fluctuations
当家作主 be the masters of the country
翻天覆地 earth-shaking
共同致富 common prosperity
国家宏观调控 state macro-control
基本路线 the basic line
基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level
加快发展 speed up development
两个文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress
两手抓两手都要硬 We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and ethical
civilization (both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without
any letup
实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
有中国特色的社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics

中国外交：
霸权主义 hegemonism
强权政治 power politics
民族资源 national resources
边界现状 boundary situation
不结盟国家 non-aligned countries
采取高姿态 show magnanimity
采取惩罚行动 take puntive actions
常驻代表 permanent representative
弹性外交 elastic diplomacy
安全考虑 security consideration
附庸国 dependency
公使馆 legation
国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
互通有无 exchange of needed goods
环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim
缓和 detente
领土毗连 territorial contiguity
流血冲突 bloody conflict
民间外交 people-to-people diplomacy
审时度势 size up the situation
诉诸武力 resort to the use of force
正式照会 formal note
总领事馆 consulate general
政府声明 government statement
中立国 neutral state
预防外交 preventive diplomacy
官方表述：
冷静观察，沉着应付
observe and cope with the situation cool-headedly
相互尊重，求同存异
adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving
differences
我们主张顺应历史潮流，维护全人类的共同利益
We stand for going along with the historical tide and safeguarding the common
interests of mankind.
中国永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张
China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion.
道路是弯曲的，前途是光明的
The road is tortuous, but the future is bright.

山地气候 mountain climate 恒风 constant wind 微风 breeze
冬季季风气候 winter monsoon climate 逆风 headwind 台风 typhoon
季风气候 monsoon climate 高气压 high-pressure 锋面 frontal edge
亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate 气团 air mass 热浪 heat wave
高原气候 plateau climate 闪电 lightning 雾 fog
海滨气候 littoral climate 凉 cool 霜 frost
极地气候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew
热带气候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly 3、风的名称
温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate 间歇雨 intermittent rain 无风 calm
温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 轻风 light breeze
热带季风气候 tropical monsoon climate 信风 trade wind 微风 gentle breeze
大陆气候 continental climate 天气预报 weather forecast 和风 moderate breeze
沙漠气候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清风 fresh breeze
沿海气候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 强风 strong breeze
高地气候 highland climate 西北风 northwester 疾风 near gale
海洋气候 marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大风 gale
森林气候 forest climate 狂风 squall 烈风 strong gale
温带气候 temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂风 storm
湿润气候 humid climate 雨点 raindrops 暴风 violent storm
温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate 东北信风 northeast trades 飓风 hurricane
热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate 东南风 southeaster 台风 typhoon
热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate 风级 wind scale 龙卷风 tornado
气象用语
虹 rainbow
小雨 light rain 阵雨 shower 平静 calm
毛毛雨 drizzle, fine rain 疾风 gusty wind 微波 rippled
反常天气 freakish weather 气旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth wavelets
北风 north wind 气压 barometric pressure 细浪 light seas
冰 ice 阴天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas
冰点 freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas
西南风 southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas
冷峰 cold front 顺风 favorable wind 强浪 high seas
低气压 low-pressure 闷热天气 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas
雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves
东北风 northeaster 雷 thunder 5、自然灾害
东风 east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic earthquake
炎热 scorching heat 暖锋 warm front 海啸 tidal wave
风眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide
零度以下 subzero

财政金融：
财政丑闻 accounting scandal
财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement
保理业务 factoring business
保税区 bonded area
掺水股票 water-down stocks
酬资融资 fund and financing
城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas
呆帐 bad loan
贷款无力偿还 loan defaults
地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks
电子银行 e-banking
电子应用系统 e-application
对冲基金 hedge fund
存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits
财政法 fiscal law
费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes
分期付款 installment payment
分税制 system of tax distribution
风险资本 venture capital
封闭式基金 close-ended fund
公积金 public accumulation funds
国际清算银行 international clearing banks
核心资产 core assets
货币化 monetization
货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation
货到付款 cash on delivery
虚报盈利 inflate profits
假帐 accounting fraud
金边贸易 gild-edged bonds
宽限期 grace period
垃圾债券 junk bond
疲软股票 soft stock

convention 会议
　　party 晚会, 社交性宴会
　　at-home party 家庭宴会
　　tea party 茶会
　　dinner party 晚餐会
　　garden party 游园会
　　dance(party), ball, fandango 舞会
　　reading party 读书会
　　fishing party 钓鱼会
　　sketching party 观剧会
　　birthday party 生日宴会
　　Christmas party 圣诞晚会
　　luncheon party 午餐会
　　fancy ball 化妆舞会
　　commemorative party 纪念宴会
　　wedding dinner, a wedding reception 结婚宴会
　　banquet 酒宴
　　pajama party 睡衣派对
　　buffet party 立食宴会
　　cocktail party 鸡尾酒会
　　welcome meeting 欢迎会
　　farewell party 惜别会
　　pink tea 公式茶会
　　new years‘s banquet 新年会
　　year-end dinner party 忘年餐会
　　box supper 慈善餐会
　　fancy fair 义卖场
　　general meeting, general assembly 会员大会
　　congress 代表大会
　　board of directors 董事会
　　executive council, executive board 执行委员会
　　standing body 常设机构
　　committee, commission 委员会
　　subcommittee 附属委员会,小组委员会
　　general committee, general officers, general bureau 总务委员会
　　secretariat 秘书处
　　budget committee 预算委员会
　　drafting committee 起草委员会
　　committee of experts 专家委员会
　　advisory committee, consultative ommittee 顾问委员会,咨询委员会
　　symposium 讨论会
　　study group 学习研讨会
　　seminar 讲习会,学习讨论会
　　meeting in camera 秘密会议 (美作:executive session)
　　opening sitting 开幕会
　　final sitting 闭幕会
　　formal sitting 隆重开会
　　plenary meeting 全会
　　sitting, meeting 开会 (美作:session)
　　session 会期,会议期间 (美作:meeting)
　　working party 工作小组
　　seat, headquarters 席位
　　governing body 主管团体
　　round table 圆桌
　　to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召开会议

连带责任 joint liability
良性循环 virtuous circle
劣等品 shoddy goods
冒充包装 copycat packaging
耐用消费品 durable consumer items
扭转局面 turn the table
农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor
敬业精神 professional dedication
皮包公司 bogus company
票贩子 ticket scalper
瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions
情感消费 emotional consumption
区位商业 location-based commerce
全优工程 all-round excellent project
拳头产品 blockbuster
条码 bar code
市场疲软 sluggish market
市场准入 market access
投资成本回收 recover investments
效益工资 achievements-related wages
一级市场 primary market
重复建设 duplication of similar projects
转嫁负担 shifting losses to
产品结构 product mix

操作中常见E文翻译总汇-->注册：
Referred by: 里面填介绍人的用户名，如果没人介绍的话就不要填。
Login: 自己为自己起一个用户名填上。
Password: 输入你想用的密码
Confirm Password/verify password: 再输入一次密码
First name: 填上你的名
Last name: 填上你的姓
E-mail(must be valid):填写上你的EMAIL地址（必须正确，否则将收不到确认信）
address1: 填写你的收款地址，国家名用英语（china)，其他可用汉语拼音。（原则是
邮递员看的懂就行）中文地址的翻译后面会有介绍。
address2:第二收款地址，可以不填
city: 填写你所在城市名
zip/postcode:填写你的邮政编码
State/Province: 州/省份，如果这一栏是下拉菜单，里面没有中国的省份，那么就选择
other（意思为另外的其他的） 如果紧接着的下一栏为other，那么就在其中用汉语拼音
填上您的省份。
Country: 填写国家名称，中国为China。
Home phone number: 家庭电话。其中day 表示白天，night/evening表示晚上。
Fax: 传真
Social Security Number（SSN) or Tax ID Number（TAXID）（美国）社会保险号，付
税ID号
birth date/year of birth: 你的出生年月日，其中DD表示两位数的日期
MM:表示两位数的月份（月份一栏有时候是一个下拉菜单，里面含有12个英文单词，分别
表示1月-12月，您自己数吧）
YY:表示两位数的年份
gender: 性别 male表示男性，female表示女性。
ethnicity: 人种，应填上ASIAN
language: 语言,填上chinese
Age ： 年龄
Family status ：家庭状况
Marital Status：婚姻状况 single-单身，married-以婚
Religion ：宗教信仰
Job Category ：工作类型
Employment status： 雇佣状况
Education ：教育状况
income: 收入状况 Annual Income-年收入
sign up ， signin:注册
continue: 继续
submit: 提交
Login，LOG ON：登录
register:登记，注册
membership:成员
Application Form:申请表格
How did you hear about us:你是如何知道我们的
rules :规则
Minimum payment to send:支付时的最小数额
Sponsor:赞助商
FAQ:疑问解答
user policy:用户规则
BANNER（广告横幅）：一个表现商家广告内容的图片，放置在广告商的页面上

It is reported that 据报道
It is learned that 据悉
It is authoritatively learned that 自权威方面获悉
It is predicted that 据预测
It is noted above that 据上述
It must be admitted that 勿庸讳言
It may be safely said that 可以有把握地说
It is generally recognized that 一般认为
It is still to be hoped that 仍然希望
It is announced that 有人宣告
It is sometimes asked that 有人有时会问
It is asserted that 有人主张/断言
It is stressed that 有人强调
It is proposed that 有人提议

体育——篮球
持球队员 dead player
罚球区 free throw area
盖帽 blocking a shot
勾手投篮 hook shot
假传 fake pass
篮板球 rebound
运球 dribble
足球
边锋战术 wing play
铲球 slide tackle
带球过人 break through
倒勾 overhead kick
点球 penalty kick
盯人防守 close-marking defense
合理冲撞 fair charge
假动作 deceptive movement
角球 corner
开球 kick-off
帽子戏法 hat trick
盘球 dribble

常见银行英文词汇
储蓄(save)
account number 帐目编号
depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存单
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书
endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a cheque 兑付
to dishonor a cheque 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
cheque,check 支票
cheque book 支票本
order cheque 记名支票
cheque stub, counterfoil 票根
cash cheque 现金支票
traveler's cheque 旅行支票
cheque for transfer 转帐支票
outstanding cheque 未付支票
canceled cheque 已付支票
forged cheque 伪支票
bandar's note 庄票，银票
银行及金融机构(banks and financial organizations)
banker 银行家
president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行
chase bank 大通银行
national city bank of new york 花旗银行
hongkong shanghai banking corporation 汇丰银行
chartered bank of india, australia and china 麦加利银行
banque de i'indochine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行
commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行
member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行
discount bank 贴现银行
exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行
negotiation bank 议付银行
branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行
trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司
unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部
credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所
credit union 合作银行
credit bureau 商业兴信所
self-service bank 无人银行
land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行
bank of communications 交通银行
会计(accountancy)
public accounting 公共会计
business accounting 商业会计
cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计
computerized accounting 电脑化会计
general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐
cash book 现金出纳帐
cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐
bad debts 坏帐
investment 投资
surplus 结余
idle capital 游资
经济政策(economic policy)
economic cycle 经济周期
economic boom 经济繁荣
economic recession 经济衰退
economic depression 经济萧条
economic crisis 经济危机
economic recovery 经济复苏
inflation 通货膨胀
deflation 通货收缩
devaluation 货币贬值
revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支
favourable balance 顺差
adverse balance 逆差
hard currency 硬通货
soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度
the purchasing power of money 货币购买力
money in circulation 货币流通量
note issue 纸币发行量
national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值
金融证券(finance & securities)
public bond 公债
stock, share 股票
debenture 债券
treasury bill 国库券
debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇
indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇
cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备
foreign exchang fluctuation 外汇波动
foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机
discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率
gold reserve 黄金储备
money (financial) market 金融市场
stock exchange 股票交易所
broker 经纪人
commission 佣金

电影专业词汇
　　 cinematograph 电影摄影机, 电影放映机
　　　　cinema, pictures 电影院 (美作:movie theater)
　　　　premiere 首映式
　　　　film festival 电影节
　　　　distributor 发行人
　　　　Board of Censors 审查署
　　　　shooting schedule 摄制计划
　　　　censor’s certificate 审查级别
　　　　release 准予上映
　　　　banned film 禁映影片
　　　　A-certificate A级(儿童不宜)
　　　　U-certificate U级
　　　　X-certificate X级(成人级)
　　　　direction 导演 production 制片 adaptation 改编
　　　　scenario, screenplay, script 编剧 scene 场景 exterior 外景
　　　　lighting 灯光 shooting 摄制 to shoot 拍摄
　　　　dissolve 渐隐,化入,化出 fade-out 淡出 fade-in 淡入
　　　　special effects 特技 slow motion 慢镜头 editing, cutting 剪接 montage 剪辑
　　　　microphone 麦克风,话筒
　　　　boom 长杆话筒
　　　　scenery 布景
　　　　
　　　　电影摄制filming shooting
　　　　camera 摄影机
　　　　shooting angle 拍摄角度
　　　　high angle shot 俯拍
　　　　long shot 远景
　　　　full shot 全景
　　　　close-up, close shot 特写,近景
　　　　medium shot 中景
　　　　background 背景
　　　　影片类型films types
　　　　film, motion picture 影片,电影 (美作:movie)
　　　　newsreel 新闻片,纪录片
　　　　documentary (film) 记录片,文献片
　　　　filmdom 电影界
　　　　literary film 文艺片
　　　　musicals 音乐片
　　　　comedy 喜剧片
　　　　tragedy 悲剧片
　　　　dracula movie 恐怖片
　　　　sowordsmen film 武侠片
　　　　detective film 侦探片
　　　　ethical film 伦理片
　　　　affectional film 爱情片
　　　　erotic film 黄色片
　　　　western movies 西部片
　　　　cartoon (film) 卡通片,动画片
　　　　footage 影片长度
　　　　title 片名
　　　　original version 原著
　　　　dialogue 对白
　　　　subtitles, subtitling 字幕
　　　　credits, credit titles 对原作者及其他有贡献者的谢启和姓名
　　　　telefilm 电视片
　　　　演员actors
　　　　cast 阵容
　　　　film star, movie star 电影明星
　　　　star, lead 主角
　　　　double, stand-in 替身演员
　　　　film star 电影明星
　　　　film actor 男电影明星
　　　　film actress 女电影明星
　　　　support 配角
　　　　util 跑龙套
　　　　工作人员technicians
　　　　adapter 改编
　　　 dialogue writer 对白作者
　　　　production manager 制片人
　　　　producer 制片主任
　　　　film director 导演
　　　　assistant director 副导演,助理导演
　　　　cameraman, set photographer 摄影师
　　　　assistant cameraman 摄影助理
　　　　property manager, propsman 道具员
　　　　art director 布景师 (美作:set decorator)
　　　　stagehand 化装师
　　　　lighting engineer 灯光师

成语翻译
1.World is but a little place, after all.
天涯原咫尺，到处可逢君
Explanation: it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in someway
connected
with him in a place where he would never have expected to do so.
Example: Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a trek up
Mount Tai.
The world is but a little place after all.
2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗
Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you live.
Example: I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home, but now you are on
the Continent
you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.
3. What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.
失之东隅，收之桑榆
Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average; if you have bad luck on
one day you have
good on another; if one venture results in loss try a fresh one---it may
succeed.
Example: he may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he loses
on the swings,
he may win on the roundabouts.
4.What are the odds so long as you are happy.
知足者常乐
Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.
Example: you complain so much, but you have a good family, parents, health, and
money.
What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.
5．Entertain an angel unawares.
有眼不识泰山
Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his merits.

Example: in the course of evening someone informed her that she was entertaining
an angel
unawares, in the shape of a composer of the greatest promise
6.every dog has his day .
是人皆有出头日
Explanation: fortune comes to each in turn
Example: they say that every dog has his day; but mine seems a very long time
coming.
7.every potter praises his own pot.
王婆买瓜，自卖自夸
Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or their
family members
Example: he said that his teacher considered his work brilliant, but I would
rather hear it from his
teacher’s own mouth. Every potter praises his own pot

成语翻译(二)
　 1． Pain past is pleasure.
（过去的痛苦就是快乐。）[无论多么艰难一定要咬牙冲过去，将来回忆起来一定甜蜜无比。]
2． While there is life, there is hope.
（有生命就有希望/留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。）
3． Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.
（脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。）[从小灌输给孩子的坚定信念。]
4． Storms make trees take deeper roots.
（风暴使树木深深扎根。）[感激敌人，感激挫折！]
5． Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
（心之所愿，无所不成。）[坚持一个简单的信念就一定会成功。]
6． The shortest answer is doing.
（最简单的回答就是干。）[想说流利的英语吗？那么现在就开口！心动不如嘴动。]
7． All things are difficult before they are easy.
（凡事必先难后易。）[放弃投机取巧的幻想。]
8． Great hopes make great man. （伟大的理想造就伟大的人。）
9． God helps those who help themselves.（天助自助者。）
10． Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above
the crowd: a little bit more.
（四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！）
[比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂，多一点点就能创造奇迹！]
11． In doing we learn.（实践长才干。）
12． East or west, home is best.（东好西好，还是家里最好。）
13． Two heads are better than one.（三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。）
14． Good company on the road is the shortest cut.（行路有良伴就是捷径。）
15． Constant dropping wears the stone.（滴水穿石。）
16． Misfortunes never come alone/single.（祸不单行。）
17． Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.（不经灾祸不知福。）
18． Better late than never.（迟做总比不做好；晚来总比不来好。）
19． It's never too late to mend.（过而能改，善莫大焉；亡羊补牢，犹未晚也。）
20． If a thing is worth doing it is worth doing well.（如果事情值得做，就值得做好。）
21． Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.（无热情成就不了伟业。）
22． Actions speak louder than words.（行动比语言更响亮。）
23． Lifeless, faultless.（只有死人才不犯错误。）
24． From small beginning come great things.（伟大始于渺小。）
25． One today is worth two tomorrows.（一个今天胜似两个明天。）
26． Truth never fears investigation.（事实从来不怕调查。）
27． The tongue is boneless but it breaks bones.（舌无骨却能折断骨。）
28． A bold attempt is half success.（勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。）
29． Knowing something of everything and everything of something.
（通百艺而专一长。）[疯狂咬舌头]
30． Good advice is beyond all price.（忠告是无价宝。

英语中动物的用法
Bird 鸟
1. He eats like a bird．他吃得很少。
2．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush．［谚」双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
3．We’re all early birds in my family because we live on a farm.
由于我们生活在农场，所以全家人都起得很早。
4. Birds of a feather flock together．[谚]物以类聚，人以群分。
5．That’s for the birds!那毫无意义！
6．It’s an ill bird that fouls own nest．「谚」家丑不可外扬。
7. A little bird told me．有人私下告诉我。
Horse 马
8. He eats like a horse．他吃得很多。
9．That’s just a lot of horse and donkey dust! 那不过都是些废话!
10．It’s time to study now and stop horsing around．学习时间已到，别胡闹了。
11．I got it straight from the horse s mouth．我是听当事人亲口说的。
12. Just hold your horses！忍耐一下吧！
13. She works like a horse all day long．她整天辛辛苦苦地干活。
14．That’s a horse of a different color! 那完全是另外一回事。
15．You can take a horse to the water，but you can't make him drink！
［谚］带马到河边容易，*马饮水难！
Monkey 猴
16．Don't get your monkey up for nothing．别无缘无故生气。
17. You shouldn't monkey about with that machine, if you don't know how to fix
it．假如你不懂得修，就别瞎弄这台机器。
18．What kind of monkey business has been going on while I've been away？
我不在的时候，出了什么事了？
Chichen 小鸡
19．Come on! Don’t be chicken! 来，别害怕！
20．Well，she’s certainly no spring chicken．她当然不再是个小丫头了。
21．Don't count your chickens before they're hatched! 「谚」不要过早乐观!
Owl 猫头鹰
22. He is as blind as an owl．他真是个瞎子。
23. He’s a wise old owl．他是个智叟。
Bear 熊
24．Every time l see my grandfather，he gives me a big bear hug．每次见到爷爷，他都要紧紧地拥抱我。
25．Her husband is a real bear．她丈夫脾气确实坏。
Bee 蜜蜂
26．She’s always as busy as a bee．她总是忙忙碌碌。
Snail蜗牛
27．He walks at a snail's pace．他走路慢吞吞。
Worm 虫
28．He wormed his way through the narrow passage．他好不容易才走过那条狭窄的小路。
29．Every time l take the kids to the movies，they always worm around in their
seats．每次我带孩子们去看电影，他们好像总也坐不住似的。
30．l am a worm today．今天一点精神也没有。
31．A worm will turn．［谚〕如果被*太甚，最温顺的人也会反抗。
Ants 蚂蚁
32．You’d think he has ants in his pants．你会觉得他坐立不安。
Bug 臭虫
33．It really bugs me when the bus comes late and l can’t go to work on
time。由于汽车晚点而不能按时上班，真让我感到烦恼。
34．l don’t feel well．I think I picked up some kind of bug in my travels
abroad．我感觉有点不适，可能是出国旅行时偶染微恙。
35．He’s a camera bug．他是个摄影迷。
Fish 鱼
36．Never offer to teach fish to swim．［谚」不要班门弄斧。
37．He’s like a fish out of water．他感到生疏。
38．He drinks like a fish。他喝起酒来不要命。
39．All’s fish that comes to his net。凡是到手的他都要。
hog 猪
40．When we were young，my sister and l shared the same bed，but she usually hogged
all the room．小时候姐姐和我共睡一张床，可她总是占很多地方。
41．When he does something，he usually goes the whole hog．他要干什么，就真的干到底。
Crab 蟹
42．When he gets up in the morning，he’s usually a crab（或in a crabby
mood）．他早上起床时，总是很烦躁。
Sheep 羊
43．She had a rather sheepish smile. 她笑起来很害羞的样子，
44．He is a black sheep 他是个败家子。
dog 狗
45．Did you hear that Bob got a scholarship？What a lucky dog！听没听说鲍勃得了奖学金？他真幸运。
46．He doesn’t have（或stand）a dog's chance．他根本没有机会。
47．Who’s the top dog in the company？ 公司里谁是头儿？
48．Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无辞。
49．Every dog has his day.[谚]人人皆有得意时。
50．Love me，love my dog．［谚］爱屋及乌

世界著名旅游胜地名称
asia 亚洲
the himalayas 喜马拉雅山
great wall, china 中国长城
forbidden city, beijing, china 北京故宫
mount fuji, japan 日本富士山
taj mahal, india 印度泰姬陵
angkor wat, cambodia 柬埔寨吴哥窟
bali, indonesia 印度尼西亚巴厘岛
borobudur, indonesia 印度尼西亚波罗浮屠
sentosa, singapore 新加坡圣淘沙
crocodile farm, thailand 泰国北榄鳄鱼湖
pattaya beach, thailand 泰国芭堤雅海滩
babylon, iraq 伊拉克巴比伦遗迹
mosque of st, sophia in istanbul (constantinople), turkey 土耳其圣索非亚教堂
africa 非洲
suez canal, egypt 印度苏伊士运河
aswan high dam, egypt 印度阿斯旺水坝
nairobi national park, kenya 肯尼亚内罗毕国家公园
cape of good hope, south africa 南非好望角
sahara desert 撒哈拉大沙漠
pyramids, egypt 埃及金字塔
the nile, egypt 埃及尼罗河
oceania 大洋洲
great barrier reef 大堡礁
sydney opera house, australia 悉尼歌剧院
ayers rock 艾尔斯巨石
mount cook 库克山
easter island 复活节岛
europe 欧洲
notre dame de paris, france 法国巴黎圣母院
effiel tower, france 法国艾菲尔铁塔
arch of triumph, france 法国凯旋门
elysee palace, france 法国爱丽舍宫
louvre, france 法国卢浮宫
kolner dom, koln, germany 德国科隆大教堂
leaning tower of pisa, italy 意大利比萨斜塔
colosseum in rome, italy 意大利古罗马圆形剧场
venice, italy 意大利威尼斯
parthenon, greece 希腊巴台农神庙
red square in moscow, russia 莫斯科红场
big ben in london, england 英国伦敦大笨钟
buckingham palace, england 白金汉宫
hyde park, england 英国海德公园
london tower bridge, england 伦敦塔桥
westminster abbey, england 威斯敏斯特大教堂
monte carlo, monaco 摩洛哥蒙特卡罗
the mediterranean 地中海
the americas 美洲
niagara falls, new york state, usa 美国尼亚加拉大瀑布
bermuda 百慕大
honolulu, hawaii, usa 美国夏威夷火奴鲁鲁
panama canal 巴拿马大运河
yellowstone national park, usa 美国黄石国家公园
statue of liberty, new york city, usa 美国纽约自由女神像
times square, new york city, usa 美国纽约时代广场
the white house, washington dc., usa 美国华盛顿白宫
world trade center, new york city, usa 美国纽约世界贸易中心
central park, new york city, usa 美国纽约中央公园
yosemite national park, usa 美国尤塞米提国家公园
grand canyon, arizona, usa 美国亚利桑那州大峡谷
hollywood, california, usa 美国加利佛尼亚好莱坞
disneyland, california, usa 加利佛尼亚迪斯尼乐园
las vegas, nevada, usa 美国内华达拉斯威加斯
miami, florida, usa 美国佛罗里达迈阿密
metropolitan museum of art, new york city, usa 纽约大都会艺术博物馆
acapulco, mexico 墨西哥阿卡普尔科
cuzco, mexico 墨西哥库斯科

繁荣昌盛thriving and prosperous
爱不释手fondle admiringly
爱财如命skin a flea for its hide
爱屋及乌love me,love my dog He that loves the tree loves the branch
安居乐业live and work in peace and contentment
白手起家build up from nothing
百里挑一one in hundred
百折不挠be indomitable
半途而废give up halfway leave sth. Unfinished
包罗万象all-embracing all-inclusive
饱经风霜weather-beaten
卑躬屈膝bow and scrape cringe
悲欢离合vicissitudes of life
背道而驰run counter to run in the opposite direction
本末倒置put the cart before the horse
笨鸟先飞the slow need to start early
必由之路the only way
闭关自守close the country to international intercourse
变本加厉be further intensified
变化无常chop and change fantasticality
变化无常chop and change fantasticality
别开生面having sth. New
别有用心have ulterior motives
彬彬有礼refined and courteous urbane
兵不厌诈in war nothing is too deceitful
博古通今erudite and informed
不败之地incincible position
不耻下问feel not ashamed to learn from one's subordinates
不可救药be past praying for beyond redemption
不劳而获reap where one has not sown
不屈不挠fortitude indefatigability perseverance persevere tenaity
不速之客crasher uninvited guest
不同凡响outstanding
不言而喻speak for itself tell its own story tell its own tale went without saying
不遗余力spare no effort spare no pains
不以为然not approve object to
不义之财filthy lucre filthy pelf the mammon of unrighteousness
不亦乐乎extremely
不远千里go to the trouble of travelling a long distance
不约而同happen to coincide
不择手段by any kind of means by hook or crook play hard by fair means or foul
不知所措be at a loss be all adrift lose one's head out of one's wits
才疏学浅have little talent and learning
惨绝人寰extremely cruel
沧海桑田time brings a great change to the worlds
沧海一粟/九牛一毛a drop in the bucket
草木皆兵a state of extreme nervousness
层出不穷emerge in endlessly
层峦迭嶂peaks over peaks
察言观色carefully watch what sb. is doing and saying
姹紫嫣红very beautiful flowers
畅行无阻checkless
车水马龙heavy traffic
沉默寡言taciturnity
称心如意well-content
趁热打铁strike while iron is hot Hold a wolf the iron is hot
成群结队gang horde
诚惶诚恐with reverence and awe
诚心诚意sincere desire
承上启下a connecting link between the preceding and the following
吃苦耐劳tough
吃里扒外live on sb. while helping others secretly
痴心妄想、胡思乱想wishful thinking
持之以恒preserve
叱咤风云ride the whirlwind
愁眉苦脸pull a long face snoot
愁眉苦脸的，愁眉苦脸地woebegone 、morosely
臭名远扬，臭名昭著flagrancy， notorious
出乎意料unexpected
出口成章have an outstanding eloquence
出类拔萃，鹤立鸡群fill the bill supereminence
出谋划策give counsel suggest
出奇制胜defeat sb. by a surprise action
出生入死go through fire and water
触类旁通comprehend by analogy
垂头丧气，无精打采 down in the mouth lose one's spirits with the tail between the legs
垂头丧气的blue about the gills crestfallen downhearted
绰绰有余more than sufficient
此起彼伏as one falls,another rises
从容不迫go easy take one's time
从容不迫的leisured unhurried
从容不迫地by easy stages
粗枝大叶careless slapdash sloppy
粗枝大叶的broad-brush
措手不及unaware unprepared
错综复杂、扑朔迷离 anfractuosity
错综复杂的anfractuous daedal reticula sinuous
打草惊蛇act rashly and alert the enemy
大材小用waste one's talent on a petty job
大公无私selfless
大海捞针look for a needle in a bottle of hay
大惑不解be extremely puzzled
大惊小怪a storm in a teacup 、foofaraw 、fuss 、like a hen with one chicken
大惊小怪的spoffish
大快人心affording general satisfaction
大名鼎鼎famous well known
大器晚成great minds mature slowly
大千世界the boundless universe
大失所望greatly disappointed
大同小异largely identical but with minor differences
大显身手、大显神通strut one's stuff
大言不惭、夸夸其谈fanfaronade rodomontade
大义凛然inspiring awe by upholding justice
大义灭亲place righteousness above family loyalty
大智若愚Still waters run deep. An empty vessel makes the most sound Still water runs
deep
呆若木鸡dumbstruck transfixed
待人接物the ways one gets along with others
殚思极虑rack one's brains
胆小如鼠cannot say boh to a goose
胆战心惊的funky
淡泊明志not seek fame and wealth
道貌岸然be sanctimonious
得过且过drift along muddle along
得天独厚的advantaged
得心应手handy with facility
得意忘形、得意洋洋 bloat get dizzy with success
得意洋洋elated、 elation、 exaltation、 jauntiness
得意扬扬ride high
得意洋洋的cock-a-hoop、 high-blown 、perky
得意扬扬的triumphant
德才兼备have both ability and moral integrity
德高望重sainted 、 saintlike
登峰造极reach the limit reach the peak of perfection
地大物博vast territory and abundant resources
颠倒黑白、颠倒是非、 混淆是非call white black、 swear black is white
颠三倒四confused disorderly
雕虫小技insignificant skill
调兵遣将move forces
调虎离山lure the enemy away from his base
掉以轻心treat sth. Lightly
喋喋不休blat 、cackle 、chackle 、harp、 harp on、 jaw-jaw 、rattle 、twitter、 wag
顶天立地of indomitable spirit
东施效颦blind imitation with ludicrous effection
东山再起bob up like a cork
独具匠心show originality
独树一帜develop a school of one's own
独一无二in a class by oneself
独一无二的unique 、unmatched、 unparalleled
度日如年one day seems like a year
断章取义garble 、quote out of context
对牛弹琴whistle jigs to a milestone 、Cast pearls before swine
对症下药suit the remedy to the case
多才多艺versatility
多才多艺的accomplished 、all-round 、allround 、miscellaneous、 versatile
多愁善感sensitivity、sentimentality
多愁善感的moonstruck 、spoony
多此一举bring owls to Athens、 hold a candle to the sun
多多益善the more the better
咄咄逼人aggressive
脱胎换骨thoroughly remould oneself
阿谀奉承、趋炎附势greasiness
恩将仇报、以怨报德 、忘恩负义 bite the hand that feeds one
尔虞我诈each trying to cheat the other
发人深省的thought-provoking
发人深省set people thinking
发扬光大carry forward
翻山越岭tramp over hill and dale
翻天覆地world-shaking
泛滥成灾overrun
飞黄腾达、青云直上come into one's kingdom、 rise in the world strike oil
飞黄腾达的successful
飞禽走兽birds and beasts
废寝忘食forget food and sleep
分道扬镳part company,each going his own way
分化瓦解disintegrate 、divide and demoralize
分门别类classify
纷至沓来come in a continuous stream
纷至沓来的thick as hail
奋不顾身dash ahead regardless of one's safety
愤愤不平be indignant
愤世嫉俗的cynical
丰富多彩rich and colorful
丰功伟绩great achievement
丰衣足食have ample food and clothing
风花雪月sentimental writings of the exploiting classes
风马牛不相及be totally unrelated
风靡一时be the rage
风平浪静calm
风起云涌like a rising wind and scudding clouds
风雨同舟stand together regardless of situation
风雨无阻in all weathers
锋芒毕露make a showy display of one's abilities
蜂涌而来pour
逢场作戏join in the fun on occasion
逢凶化吉trun ill luck into good
奉公守法law-abiding
敷衍了事make short shrift of 、palter、 scuffle
釜底抽薪take a drastic measure to deal with a situation
赴汤蹈火、出生入死go through fire and water
富丽堂皇magnificence
覆水难收spilt water cannot be gathered up again 、It is no use crying over spilt milk

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化 information-based; informationization
智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive
外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises
下岗职工 laid-off workers
分流 reposition of redundant personnel
三角债 chain debts
素质教育 education for all-round development
豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
社会治安情况 law-and-order situation
民族国家 nation state
“台独” "independence of Taiwan"
台湾当局 Taiwan authorities
台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots
台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.
西部大开发 Development of the West Regions
可持续性发展 sustainable development
风险投资 risk investment
通货紧缩 deflation
扩大内需 to expand domestic demand
计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )
网络空间 cyberspace
虚拟现实 virtual reality
网民 netizen ( net citizen )
电脑犯罪 computer crime
电子商务 the e-business
网上购物 shopping online
应试教育 exam-oriented education
学生减负 to reduce study load

燃油附加税 bunker surcharge
染指 reap undeserved profit from; encroach upon
让利 surrender part of the profits
绕圈子 beat around the bush
热带风暴 Tropical Storm
热岛效应 tropical island effect
热核弹头 thermonuclear warhead
热污染 thermal pollution
人才高地 talent highland
人才交流 talents exchange
人才流失 brain drain
人才战 competition for talented people
人大代表 NPC member
热带雨林 tropical rain forest
人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.
人浮于事 overstaffing
人浮于事 overstaff
人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI)
认股权证 warrant
人海战术 huge-crowd strategy
人机交互 human-computer interaction
人际交往 human communication
人均住房 per-capita housing
人口出生率 birth rate
人口负增长 negative population growth (NPG)
人口过剩 overpopulation
人口老龄化 an aging population
人口素质 quality of population
人口学 larithmics
人类基因图谱 human genome
人类免疫缺陷病毒 Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)
人气 popularity
人情债 debt of gratitude
人身保护令（状）habeas corpus
人身攻击 personal attack
人身意外保险 personal accident insurance
人寿保险 life insurance
人头税 poll tax
人性化管理 human-based management
任意球 free kick
人之初,性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.
日本广播协会 NHK
日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)
日本右翼势力 right-wing forces in Japan
日经指数 Nikkei Index
荣誉权 right of fame
融资渠道 financing channels
入境问俗,入乡随俗 When in Rome do as the Romans do.
入水时水花很少 clean entry
入网许可证 network access license
软盘 floppy disk
软新闻 soft news
软着陆 soft landing
瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.
弱肉强食法则 law of the jungle
弱势群体 disadvantageous groups

Commonly Used Terms (BEC)
debt-to-equity swap
债转股
the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
港元的联系汇率制
bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
坏帐、呆帐、死帐
anti-dumping measures against ……
反倾销措施
deflation
通货紧缩
inflation
通货膨胀
quota-free products
非配额产品
investment in non-productive projects
非生产性投资
risk management/ assessment
风险管理/评估
venture capital
风险基金
loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
风险准备金
revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
搞活国有大中型企业
scale economy/ economies of scale
规模经济
state-owned cooperatives
国合企业（即国有合作社）
balance of international payments/ balance of payment
国际收支
disequilibrium of balance of payment
国际收支不平衡
public subsidies
国家补贴
state foreign exchange reserves
国家现汇结存

guide rational consumption
合理引导消费
seasonal price adjustments
季节性调价
established/accomplished facts
既成事实
scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and
technological developmentwith industrial and trade development
技工贸结合的科技型企业
labor-intensive enterprises
劳动密集性企业
unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of
fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and
random levies on enterprises
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费
millennium bug
千年问题、千年虫
technological updating of enterprises
企业技术改造
subsidies to cover enterprise losses
企业亏损补贴
grant the national treatment to
实行国民待遇
pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/
the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual
development
平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针
“bottleneck”restrictions
瓶颈制约

flying-by-night company; bogus company
皮包公司
ease monetary policy　
放松银根
floating population　
流动人口　
self-regulating mechanism of enterprises
企业的自我约束机制
crave comfort and pleasure　
贪图安逸　
inflated consumption　
消费膨胀　
informationize　
信息化　
freon-free refrigerator　
无氟冰箱　
paperless transaction　
无纸交易　
readily marketable products　
适销对路的产品　
profiteer　
倒爷　
overstaffing in (government) organizations
机构臃肿　
organizational overlapping　
机构重叠　
substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
利改税　
regular revenues　
经常性的财政收入　
chronic depression　
慢性萧条　
two-tier system / double-track system　
双重轨制　
pre-job training　
就业前培训　
on-the-job training　
岗位培训　

foreign project contracting
对外项目承包
labor service cooperation
劳务合作
modality of foreign aid
外援方式　
come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999
自1999年1月1日起实行
forms of ownership
所有制形式
implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial
basis
以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度
risk management/ assessment
风险管理/评估
projects listed as encouraged by the state
国家鼓励项目
Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by
Compatriots from Taiwan
<<中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例>>
ministerial meeting
部长级会议
equitable and rational
公正合理
take the preemptive opportunities
抢得先机
reduce and cancel debts
减免债务
engineering project
工程项目
increase in the same pace
同步增长
shake off the impact of the financial crisis
摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响
going on the track of sound progress
走上良性发展的轨道
industrial added value
工业增加值
investment in the fixed assets
固定资产投资
building materials
建材

accumulatively realizing trade surplus
累计实现顺差
bring new vigor and vitality into
注入新的生机与活力
accessories
配件
spare parts
备件
import linkage tax
进口环节税
turnover tax
营业税
corporate income tax
企业所得税
offset
抵免
provincial capitol
省会
municipality directly under the central government
直辖市
flagship product
龙头产品
modern corporate system
现代企业制度
enforce stockholding system
实行股份制
holding company
控股公司
responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses
自主经营,自负盈亏
alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is
also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership
在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展
establish an unified, open market with orderly competition
形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场
State Scientific and Technological Innovation System
国家科技创新体系
help excellent talents find way to distinction
帮助人才脱颖而出
screen and modify
清理、修订
water conservation
水利
change the method of operation
转化经营机制
intermediary service organization
中介服务组织

dual purpose exports
军民两用品出口
　
dual-use goods and technology
军民两用产品和技术
　
NAFTA North American Free Trade Area　
北美自由贸易区
　
global quota
全球配额
　
grandfather clause
祖父条款
　
Animal-derived food
动物源食品
　
EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)
部门提前自愿自由化
　
TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)
贸易和投资自由化和便利化
　
international settlement
国际清算
　
commercial, residential and public utility construction
商住和公益设施建设
　
increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up
more channels of employment
开就业门路
　
free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate
自由浮动汇率
　
capital account
资本项目
　
current account
经常项目
　
overcome differences and seek common ground
求同存异
　
anti-fake label
防伪标志
　
export-oriented industry
出口创汇型产业
　
revitalize stock assets
盘活存量资产
　
competitive bidding
竟价投标
　
negotiated bidding
协议投标
　
horizontal merger
横向兼并

      很难想像，如果没有了电脑，我们将如何工作。但遗憾的是，当我们享受着电脑带给我们的一切方便的同时，也不得不接受它在身心两方面对我们健康的威胁。所以，了解电脑“病”，防治电脑“病”，已经成为我们刻
            不容缓的事情。为了全面了解电脑对OL身心的负面影响，我们特地组织这次策划，全面介绍缓解OL们最难逃脱的八大电脑“病”的窍门和方法。

            　　罪状一：电磁辐射

            　　症状：失眠、内分泌紊乱

            　　致病原因：显示器热度过高，在工作时就会有相当多的电磁辐射，它会使空气发生电离作用，不断产生正电荷(正离子)，并不断与空气中的负离子中和，导致负离子的含量几乎为零。负离子多有益，正离子就多有害，长期处于正离子过多的环境中，它们通过呼吸进入
            肺，然后随血液循环被输送到人体的各个组织，使人的血液、体液呈酸性，延缓身体正常的代谢功能，使毒素囤积在体内。使人失眠、免疫力下降、女性内分泌紊乱等。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 仔细地打扫办公环境。因为正离子会牢牢地吸附在灰尘颗粒上，灰尘越多，则正离子越多。

            　　2. 多喝茶。茶叶中含有的茶多酚等活性物质，有助吸收放射性物质。

            　　3. 显示器散发出的辐射多数不是来自它的正面，而是侧面和后面。因此，不要把自己显示器的后面对着同事的后脑或者身体的侧面。

            　　4. 常喝绿茶。绿茶是近几年来最为人所津津乐道的养生饮品，因为其中含强效的抗氧化剂儿茶酚以及维他命C，不但可以清除体内的自由基，还能使副肾皮质分泌出对抗紧张压力的荷尔蒙，对于情绪暴躁有很大改善。不过，最好在白天饮用，以免影响睡眠。

            　　5. 绿豆可以清热解毒、利尿消肿，薏仁则可以健脾止泻、轻身益气，经常需要熬夜工作或是心烦气躁、口干舌燥、便秘时，对于消除烦躁情绪非常有帮助。

            　　6. 勤洗脸可以防止辐射波对皮肤的刺激。

            　　7. 在电脑桌下摆放一盆植物或水，可以吸收电脑所发出的电磁波。

            　　8. 尽量使用液晶显示器。

            　　9. 穿着防辐射肚兜。

            罪状二：灰尘场

            　　症状：皮肤过敏

            　　致病原因：处于开机状态的显示器周围会形成一个静电场，它差不多会把整个房间的空气中悬浮的灰尘吸入自己的场中，从而使得面部皮肤受到刺激，会出现过敏起疹等现象。坐在电脑前，你的周围便充满了含有大量灰尘颗粒的空气，因此，使用者的皮肤非常容易产生
            皮疹等过敏现象。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 不要在电脑周围摆放堆积如山的纸和文件，应该把所有必需的文件分门别类地放进柜子，因为纸张和文件上的灰尘通常不易清洁。

            　　2. 电脑桌表面用湿布蘸着抗静电剂擦拭。

            　　3. 经常开窗通风。

            　　4. 使用电脑之前在脸上擦些保湿霜，或者用洋甘菊浸液浸湿毛巾(更简单的方法是用湿的洋甘菊茶袋)直接敷在额头和脸颊上。

            　　5. 在电脑桌上摆放一盆仙人掌，因为仙人掌的针刺能够吸收灰尘。

            　　6. 经常清洁键盘，使用键盘时及使用后应先洗手再进食，不使用时用布将键盘遮盖。因为键盘凹凸不平，非常容易积累灰尘，更会成为皮肤病病菌、感冒病菌隐藏的场所。

            罪状三：画面闪烁、散发热度造成环境干燥

            　　症状：干眼症

            　　致病原因：虽然肉眼无法看出来，但事实上显示器上的画面是一直在闪烁的。看显示器时，我们往往会长时间地盯着某一个点，很少眨眼，因此眼肌容易疲劳，眼黏膜发干，眼睛发红、发炎、疼痛。在电脑前不间断工作4小时后，几乎所有人的眼睛都会出现酸痛和沙眼
            的感觉。电脑工作者的工作环境密闭，环境中的湿度低，计算机不断散发热度，在干燥环境下，泪液层几秒钟就蒸发掉了，成为干眼症的重要诱因。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 距显示器需要70厘米以上，放置位置应比双眼视线略低，并使眼球暴露于空气中的面积减小到最低。

            　　2. 把亮度调整到不使眼疲劳的程度。

            　　3. 在电脑前工作时，房间既不能太昏暗，也不能太明亮。理想的办公环境是——房间的亮度和屏幕的亮度相同。

            　　4. 因为要避免屏幕上显现出你的脸、灯光以及物体的影像(所有的光影会加倍地使眼睛疲劳)，所以，要避免室内的光线直接照射在屏幕上而产生干扰光线。光源最好来自电脑使用者的左边或右边。如果你戴眼镜，应该给自己配一副带有防反光加膜的镜片。

            　　5. 为了防止结膜发干，在使用电脑时滴一些与我们眼泪成分相同的眼药水。

            　　6. 眼疲劳时，用以淡红茶水煮过的湿巾敷几分钟眼睛，会很快消除充血和疲劳。

            　　7.
            将黑豆500克，炒熟后待冷，磨成粉。核桃仁500克，炒微焦去衣，待冷后捣如泥。取以上两种食品各1匙，冲入煮沸过的牛奶1杯后加入蜂蜜1匙，早晨或早餐后服食。能增强眼内肌力，加强调节功能，改善眼疲劳的症状。

            罪状四：长期使用鼠标

            　　症状：鼠标手(即腕关节综合征)

            　　致病原因：长期使用电脑键盘和鼠标，可能与一种称为腕关节综合征的疾病挂上钩，出现食指或中指疼痛、麻木和拇指肌肉无力感，发展下去可能导致神经受损，进而引起手部肌肉萎缩。问题出在每天重复在键盘上打字或移动鼠标，手腕关节长期、密集、反复和过度活
            动，导致周围神经损伤或受压迫，使神经传导被阻断，从而造成手掌的感觉与运动发生障碍。另外，肘部经常低于手腕，而手高高地抬着，神经和肌腱经常被压迫，手就会开始发麻，手指失去灵活性，经常关节痛。手指频繁地用力，还会使手及相关部位的神经、肌肉因过度
            疲劳而受损，造成缺血缺氧而出现麻木等一系列症状。据调查，女性发生“鼠标手”比男性多，这是因为，女性手腕通常比男性小，腕部正中神经容易受到压迫。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 尽量避免上肢长时间处于固定、机械而频繁活动的工作状态下，使用鼠标或打字时，每工作一小时就要起身活动活动肢体，做一些握拳、捏指等放松手指的动作。

            　　2. 使用电脑时，电脑桌上的键盘和鼠标的高度，最好低于坐着时的肘部高度，这样有利于减少操作电脑时对手腕的腱鞘等部位的损伤。

            　　3. 使用鼠标时，手臂不要悬空，以减轻手腕的压力，移动鼠标时不要用腕力而尽量靠臂力做，减少手腕受力。

            　　4. 不要过于用力敲打键盘及鼠标的按键，用力轻松适中为好。

            　　5. 鼠标最好选用弧度大、接触面宽的，有助力的分散。

            　　6. 使用鼠标时配合使用“鼠标腕垫”垫在手腕处。

            罪状五：脑功能减弱

            　　症状：记忆力帅退

            　　致病原因：随着个人电脑的日益普及，人们正越来越多地受到记忆力减退的困扰，主要原因是他们对电脑的依赖过强，从而使得自己的脑功能反而减弱。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 睡前平躺在床上，全身放松，将头仰放在床沿以下，缓解大脑供血及供氧的不足。

            　　2. 保证充足的睡眠。不论工作有多紧张，每日8小时的睡眠是必不可少的，而且要尽量保证睡眠质量，使大脑皮层的血液循环得到适时的调节。

            　　3. 静想练习。最好每天能有20-30分钟时间静想生活中轻松美好的事情，聆听自己呼吸的节律，让情绪尽量放松。姿势不拘，或坐或卧，以舒适为准。

            　　4. 平时能用手写的文字就尽量不要使用电脑输入，即便一定需要电子文件，也可以尽量使用手写板输入文字。

            　　5. 改变不健康的饮食结构，多食用健脑食品。

            罪状六：长时间采用不正确坐姿

            　　症状：颈、肩、腰部疼痛

            　　致病原因：如果使用电脑时高高地架着胳膊，低着头，并且在桌子下艰难地跷着二郎腿，那么，工作一小时你就会感到腰背酸痛，脖子和肩膀麻木，手臂也不灵活。这样的坐姿保持一年至一年半，你就可以获得双下巴、颈椎关节僵硬。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 上半身应保持颈部直立，使头部获得支撑，两肩自然下垂，上臂贴近身体，手肘弯曲呈90度，操作键盘或滑鼠，尽量使手腕保持水平姿势，手掌中线与前臂中线应保持一直线。下半身腰部挺直，膝盖自然弯曲呈90度，并维持双脚着地的坐姿。

            　　2. 必须选择符合人体工学设计的桌椅，使用专用的电脑椅，坐在上面遵循“三个直角”：电脑桌下膝盖处形成第一个直角，大腿和后背是第二个直角，手臂在肘关节形成第三个直角。肩胛骨靠在椅背上，双肩放下，下巴不要靠近脖子。两眼平视电脑荧幕中央，座椅最好有支持
            性椅背及扶手，并能调整高度。

            　　3. 放风筝：放风筝时，挺胸抬头，左顾右盼，可以保持颈椎、脊柱的肌张力，保持韧带的弹性和脊椎关节的灵活性，有利于增强骨质代谢，增强颈椎、脊柱的代偿功能，既不损伤椎体，又可预防椎骨和韧带的退化，实在是老祖宗留给我们防治颈椎病的一个好方法。

            　　4. 游泳：因为游泳的时候头总是向上抬，颈部肌肉和腰肌都得到锻炼，而且人在水中没有任何负担，也不会对椎间盘造成任何的损伤，算得上是比较惬意的锻炼颈椎的方式。

            　　5. 使用电脑每隔一小时应休息5至10分钟，做柔软操或局部按摩，同时养成规律运动习惯，针对肩颈、上肢进行拉筋及肌力训练，以增加柔软度及肌力。

            　　6. 电脑的摆放高度要合适。将电脑屏幕中心位置安装在与操作者胸部同一水平线上，最好使用可以调节高低的椅子。应有足够的空间伸放双脚，膝盖自然弯曲呈90度，并维持双脚着地，不要交叉双脚，以免影响血液循环。

            　　7. 眼睛与显示器保持恰当的距离。眼睛与电脑显示器形成轻度向下注视荧光屏的角度，这样可使颈部肌肉得到放松。

            　　8. 舒缓体操

            　　A: 基本姿势：每次做各项训练动作前，先自然站立，双目平视，双脚略分开，与肩同宽，双手自然下垂。全身放松。

            　　B: 前俯后仰：双手叉腰，先抬头后仰，同时吸气，双眼望天，停留片刻；然后缓慢向前胸部位低头，同时呼气，双眼看地。做此动作时，要闭口，使下颌尽量紧贴前胸，停留片刻后，再上下反复做4次。动作要旨是：舒展、轻松、缓慢，以不感到难受为宜。

            　　C: 左右旋转：双手叉腰，先将头部缓慢转向左侧，同时吸气于胸，让右侧颈部伸直后，停留片刻，再缓慢转向右侧，同时呼气，让左边颈部伸直后，停留片刻。这样反复交替做4次。

            　　D: 提肩缩颈：做操前，先自然站立，双目平视，双脚略分开，与肩平行，双手自然下垂。动作时双肩慢慢提起，颈部尽量往下缩，停留片刻后，双肩慢慢放松地放下，头颈自然伸出，还原自然，然后再将双肩用力往下沉，头颈部向上拔伸，停留片刻后，双肩放松，并自然呼气
            。注意在缩伸颈的同时要慢慢吸气，停留时要憋气，松肩时要尽量使肩、颈部放松。回到自然式后，再反复做4次。

            　　E: 左右摆动：做操前，先自然站立，双目平视，双脚略分开，与肩平行，双手叉腰。动作时头部缓缓向左侧倾斜，使左耳贴于左肩，停留片刻后，头部返回中位；然后再向右肩倾斜，同样右耳要贴近右肩，停留片刻后，再回到中位。这样左右摆动反复做4次。在头部摆动时需
            吸气，回到中位时慢慢呼气，操时双肩、颈部要尽量放松，动作以慢而稳为佳。

            罪状七：思维形成定式，不习惯与人相处

            　　症状：电脑忧郁症

            　　致病原因：长时间的电脑操作形成“非此即彼”的思维定式，不习惯与人达成妥协和谅解，丧失自信，身心疲惫，以致工作难以展开。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 做好自我心理调整，及时纠正思维方式。

            　　2. 积极处理好人际关系，尤其与同事的关系。

            罪状八：过度依赖电脑而情绪紧张烦躁

            　　症状：电脑躁狂症

            　　致病原因：由于对电脑过度依赖，所以当电脑出现故障后，会精神紧张，情绪烦躁、不安，甚至有对电脑“动武”的倾向，如通过用力敲打键盘、鼠标，大骂电脑，摔砸电脑等方式发泄怒火，有的还将不满情绪发泄在家人或同事身上。

            　　缓解方法

            　　1. 一旦电脑出现故障，立即找专业人士来维修，避免独自坐在电脑桌前，应当尽快转移视线和注意力，放松心情。

            　　2. 随时保存工作文档，用移动硬盘将资料备份，这样一旦电脑出现问题，不会受到太大损失，情绪不至于骤然失控。

            　　3. 不要长时间坐在电脑前工作，每隔一段时间走开喝杯茶、咖啡或活动一下四肢。

            电脑一族的健康食品　

            　健脑元素

            　　1. 脂肪：它是健脑的首要物质。它在发挥脑的复杂、精巧的功能方面具有重要作用。
            代表性食物有坚果、芝麻、自然状态下饲养的动物等。

            　　2. 蛋白质：它是智力活动的物质基础，是控制脑细胞兴奋与抑制过程的主要物质。代表性食物有瘦肉、鸡蛋、鱼类等。而碳水化合物是脑活动的能量来源，它在体内分解为葡萄糖后，即成为脑的重要能源。代表性食物有杂粮、糙米、红糖、糕点等。充足的维生素C可以使大脑
            功能灵活、敏锐，并提高智商。代表性食物有鲜果类、黄绿色蔬菜等。

            　　3. B族维生素：它是智力活动的助手。包括维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸等，当B族维生素严重不足时，就会引起精神障碍，易烦躁，思想不集中，难以保持精神安定。代表性食物有香菇、野菜等。坚果含有大量的蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、卵磷脂、无机盐和维生素，经常食
            用，对改善脑营养供给很有益处。香菇对高血压、动脉硬化有较为明显的疗效，有消除疲劳、提神、稳定精神、防止贫血和癌症等功效。

            　　4. 鸡蛋：它含有丰富的蛋白质、卵磷脂、维生素和钙、磷、铁等，是大脑新陈代谢不可缺少的物质。另外，鸡蛋含有较多的乙酰胆碱，是大脑完成记忆所必需的。

            　　5. 鱼类：它可为大脑提供丰富的蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸和钙、磷、维生素B1、维生素B2等，它们都是构成脑细胞及提高其活力的重要物质。

            　　6. 黄花菜：它富含蛋白质、脂肪、钙、铁、维生素B1，这些都是大脑代谢所需要的物质，因此有“健脑菜”之称。

            　　7. 洋葱：它含有抗血小板凝聚的物质，能够稀释血液，改善大脑供血，对消除心理疲劳和过度紧张大有益处，每天吃半个洋葱可以收到良好的健脑效果。

            　　8. 小米：它含有较丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、钙、铁、维生素B1等营养成分，有“健脑主食”之称。小米还有防治神经帅弱的功效。

            　　9. 龙眼：它能补益心脾，益血安神。凡是因为心脾两虚导致的健忘、失眠、心悸、智力帅退等，可以通过服食龙眼来调整。

            　　10. 柚子：它含有大量维生素A、维生素B1和维生素C，属于典型的碱性食物，可以消除长期使用电脑对神经系统造成的危害。常吃能使人精力充沛，有醒脑促记忆的作用。此外，橘子、柠檬等也有类似功效。

            护眼元素

            　　1. 维生素C：它对眼睛也十分有益。人眼中维生素C的含量比血液中高出数倍。随着年龄增长，维生素C含量明显下降，晶状体营养不良，久而久之会引起晶状体变性。所以要多吃维生素C含量丰富的蔬菜、水果。

            　　2. 菠菜：它含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、核黄素等，它不仅是营养价值极高的蔬菜，也是护眼佳品。

            　　3. 西红柿：它含有丰富的维生素、矿物质、碳水化合物、有机酸及少量的蛋白质。因带酸性，所以有保护维生素C的作用，烹煮过程中不易被破坏。

            　　4. 维生素A：由于电脑作业者眼睛过久注视电脑荧光屏，可使视网膜上的感光物质视紫红质消耗过多，若未能及时补充其合成物质维生素A和相关营养素，会导致视力下降、眼痛、怕光、暗适应能力降低等等。因此，电脑作业者对维生素A的需要量比一般人要高，所以，应多
            吃富含维生素A的食物。

            　　5. 枸杞子：它含有丰富的β胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素C、钙、铁，具有补肝、益肾、明目的作用，因为本身就具有甜味，不管是泡茶或是像葡萄干一样当零食吃，对电脑族的眼睛酸涩、疲劳、视力减退等问题都有很大的帮助。

            　　6. 菊花茶：有明目清肝的作用，有些人就干脆把菊花和枸杞子一起泡茶喝，或是用蜂蜜和菊花茶一起冲泡，对于缓解眼睛疲劳也非常有效。

            眼睛的健康杀手

            　　酒精

            　　酒精是漂亮眼睛的头号大敌。过度饮酒会导致眼睛暗淡无神、眼球充血；长期酗酒更会导致眼部皮肤粗糙和色斑。

            　　对付这个大敌的方法是：对于酒类躲得越远越好；如果实在躲不过，不得已而喝了酒，一定要多饮些水或吃些水果来抵消其对皮肤的不良影响。

            　　烟草

            　　近来的科学研究更加明确指出，烟草一旦燃烧起来，绝对是一个不可忽视的敌人。不但对呼吸系统有很大的危害，长期吸烟也会加速皮肤老化。烟草燃烧产生的烟雾会带走皮肤大量的水分，可导致眼睛周围的皱纹产生。

            　　即使自己不吸烟，也不应放松警惕，二手烟同样会摧残你的身心和容颜。当你和你的烟民朋友们聚会时，是否真的非常快乐？是否真的可以丝毫不介意皱纹渐渐爬上眼角？如果你没有那么释然，就和他们保持一定距离吧。

            　　电脑“病”往往是慢慢形成的，爆发性不强，对身体的危害也不十分明显，很容易被人们忽视，它虽不会造成生命危险，却不容小觑，它会引发身体其他方面的连锁疾病，影响工作和生活质量，它对人体的潜在危害十分大。因此，对必须长期使用电脑的人来说，做好防
            护工作非常重要。